Using the information obtained from testing, a doctor of optometry can determine if the patient has nystagmus and advise on treatment options. Since nystagmus is often the result of other underlying health problems, a doctor of optometry may refer the patient to their primary care physician or another medical specialist for further testing. This testing will look for problems that affect the control of eye movements or make it difficult to use both eyes together. In order to obtain a clear, single image of what is being viewed, the eyes must effectively change focus, move and work in unison. Testing how the eyes focus, move and work together.A refraction to determine the appropriate lens power needed to compensate for any refractive error ( nearsightedness, farsightedness, or astigmatism).Visual acuity measurements to assess the extent to which vision may be affected.Patient history to determine any symptoms the patient is experiencing and the presence of any general health problems, medications taken, or environmental factors that may be contributing to the symptoms.Testing for nystagmus, with special emphasis on how the eyes move, may include: Nystagmus can be diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam. Nighttime vision problems or sensitivity to light.Medications such as anti-epilepsy drugs.Very high refractive error, for example, nearsightedness (myopia) or astigmatism.Lack of development of normal eye movement control early in life.Acquired nystagmus, which occurs later in life, can be the symptom of another condition or disease, such as stroke, multiple sclerosis or trauma. Nystagmus is most commonly caused by a neurological problem that is present at birth or develops in early childhood. The cause is often unknown, but it may be due to the central nervous system and metabolic disorders or alcohol and drug toxicity. Develops later in childhood or adulthood. This type of nystagmus usually does not require treatment. Children with this form of nystagmus often nod and tilt their heads. Spasmus nutans. It usually occurs between 6 months and 3 years of age and improves on its own between 2 and 8 years of age.It is often associated with other conditions, such as albinism, congenital absence of the iris (the colored part of the eye), underdeveloped optic nerves and congenital cataract. The eyes tend to move in a horizontal swinging fashion. Most often develops by 2 to 3 months of age. However, the exact cause is often unknown. Fatigue and stress can make nystagmus worse. Generally, nystagmus is a symptom of another eye or medical problem. People with nystagmus might nod and hold their heads in unusual positions to compensate for the condition. As a result, both eyes are unable to steadily view objects. These involuntary eye movements can occur from side to side, up and down, or in a circular pattern. These movements often result in reduced vision and depth perception and can affect balance and coordination.
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